摘要-出版物中提出的钚转移因子的高度可变性使得研究影响钚迁移能力及其对植被的可用性的机制具有相关性。不同的转移因子可以通过土壤的不同特性来解释，因为氧化还原电位和土壤酸度会显着影响钚的迁移率。在植被实验中，研究了不同土壤中钚在土壤-农业植物系统中的迁移。239+240 Pu的含量通过 α 能谱分析和初步放射化学分离进行分析。使用大麦（大麦）和豆类（豆科）作为测试培养物来确定钚迁移参数。植被实验过程中获得的钚转移因子范围在 3.1 × 10 –4 –6.8 × 10–3 ，大麦地上部分的平均值为3.8 × 10 –3 ；大麦根系的分布范围为 9.2 × 10 –3 –7.6 × 10 –2，平均值为 3.8 × 10 –2 。传输因子范围为 1.5 × 10 –3 –5.7 × 10 –3（平均值为 3.7 × 10 –3）和 5.8 × 10 –2 –6.5 × 10 –2（平均值为 6.2 × 10 – 2) 分别表示豆类的地上部分和根部部分。发现所考虑作物的营养器官的钚分布模式是不均匀的。平均而言，植物地上部分的钚转移因子比根部低 40 倍。人们发现，对于农业植物的各个物种/器官来说，在不同土壤类型上生长的植物的地上部分的钚积累量并不相同。对于所考虑的农作物的地上部分，转移因子相差几个数量级。一般来说，不同土壤上生长的植被对钚的积累形成以下顺序：草灰土（Retisol）和灰森林（Phaeozem）>低沼泥炭沼（Histosol）\(\gg\ )典型的黑钙土（Cernozem）。在有机质含量高的土壤中观察到植被对钚的积累最少。对于植物的根系来说，钚转移因子对土壤性质的依赖性是不确定的。
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Plutonium Accumulation by Vegetation on Different Soils
Abstract—High variability of plutonium transfer factors presented in publications makes it relevant to study the mechanisms that affect plutonium migration ability and its availability for vegetation. Varying transfer factors are explained by different properties of soils, since the redox potential and soil acidity can affect significantly the plutonium mobility. Plutonium migration in the soil–agricultural plant system was studied for different soils in a vegetation experiment. The content of 239+240Pu was analyzed by alpha spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical isolation. Plutonium migration parameters were determined using barley (Hordeum) and beans (Fabaceae) as test cultures. Plutonium transfer factors obtained in the course of vegetation experiments range within 3.1 × 10–4–6.8 × 10–3 with the average value of 3.8 × 10–3 for the aboveground part of barley; and they range within 9.2 × 10–3–7.6 × 10–2 with the average value of 3.8 × 10–2 for the root system of barley. The transfer factor range was 1.5 × 10–3–5.7 × 10–3 (with the average value of 3.7 × 10–3) and 5.8 × 10–2–6.5 × 10–2 (with the average value of 6.2 × 10–2) for the aboveground and root parts of beans, respectively. The mode of plutonium distribution by the vegetative organs of the considered crops was found to be nonuniform. On average, the transfer factor of plutonium is 40 times lower in the aboveground part of plants than in their roots. The accumulation of plutonium in the aboveground parts of plants growing on different soil types was found to be not the same for individual species/organs of agricultural plants. For the aboveground part of the agricultural crops under consideration, the transfer factors differ up to several orders of magnitude. In general, the accumulation of plutonium by vegetation growing on different soils forms the following sequence: soddy-podzolic (Retisol) and gray forest (Phaeozem) > low-moor peatbog (Histosol) \( \gg \) typical chernozem (Chernozem). The smallest accumulation of plutonium by vegetation is observed in soils with a high content of organic matter. For the root system of plants, the dependence of plutonium transfer factors on soil properties is uncertain.
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摘要-出版物中提出的钚转移因子的高度可变性使得研究影响钚迁移能力及其对植被的可用性的机制具有相关性。不同的转移因子可以通过土壤的